Define the total size of your dough batch.

• Number of Balls: The total number of pizzas you plan to make.
• Weight per Ball: The size of each pizza. Standard Neapolitan pizza balls range from 230g (smaller, thinner crust) to 280g (larger, thicker crust).

All ingredients are calculated as a percentage of the total flour weight (which is always 100%).

• Water Hydration: The ratio of water to flour. Higher hydration (65-75%) yields a lighter, more open crumb with larger bubbles, but makes the dough stickier. Lower hydration (55-62%) is easier to handle and shape, yielding a denser structure.
• Salt: Essential for flavor and gluten structure. It strengthens the gluten network and regulates yeast activity. Recommended range is 2.0% to 3.0%.
• Fat / Oil: Optional. Adding fat (like olive oil) coats gluten strands, making the final crust softer and more tender (crumbly rather than chewy). It also helps retain moisture in home ovens.

Choose how to build flavor and structure in your dough.

• Direct Dough: All ingredients are mixed at once. Simpler and faster, but has less complex flavor.
• Poolish (100% Hydration): A wet preferment using equal parts flour and water. Promotes lactic acidity, yielding sweet, buttery aromas and a very extensible (stretchy) dough.
• Biga (45-50% Hydration): A dry, crumbly preferment. Promotes acetic acidity, giving a more complex, tangy flavor and a stronger gluten structure for a taller rise.
• Flour in Preferment: The percentage of the recipe's total flour used in the preferment. Typically 20% to 50%.
• Biga Hydration: The water content specifically for the Biga. Usually kept low to maintain its crumbly structure.

Control the external factors that influence yeast activity.

• Ambient Temperature: The room temperature where the dough rises. Warmer temperatures speed up yeast, while cooler temperatures slow them down.
• Total Proofing Time: The total duration of the rise. Longer times allow more flavor development but require less yeast or lower temperatures to prevent over-proofing.
• Yeast Selection: Choose between Instant Dry (IDY, very stable), Active Dry (ADY, needs activation), or Fresh Yeast (CY, traditional).
• Relative Humidity: High humidity prevents the dough from drying out and forming a crust during proofing.

Calculate the exact water temperature needed to hit your target dough temperature.

• Desired Dough Temperature: The target temperature of the dough after mixing (usually 23°C-25°C or 73°F-77°F) for optimal yeast start.
• Flour Temperature: The temperature of the flour, which makes up most of the dough mass.
• Mixing Method / Friction Factor: Kneading generates heat. Hand mixing adds minimal heat, while machine mixing adds more. The calculator adjusts water temperature based on this friction.

Dough is a living "microscopic city" powered by two distinct groups of workers:

• Yeast (The Balloon Maker): These tiny fungi eat sugars and "burp" out carbon dioxide (CO2), which inflates the dough like a million tiny balloons.
• Bacteria (The Flavor Squad): Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) act as architects, producing lactic and acetic acids that provide the buttery, tangy "soul" of Neapolitan pizza.

This is the core logic of our calculator. It synchronizes two different races happening simultaneously:

• Fermentation Clock: This is the fast-moving race to produce gas and volume.
• Maturation Clock: This is a slower process where enzymes (the "tiny chefs") break down tough starches and proteins into tasty, digestible pieces.
• The Logic: The calculator uses temperature and time to slow down the fast "Balloon Maker" so the slow "Construction Crew" can catch up, ensuring peak flavor and a light, airy crust.

Flour isn't just an ingredient; it is a structural architecture:

• Gluten Skeleton: When water and flour mix, proteins called gliadin and glutenin grab hands to form a "viscoelastic matrix"—a web that acts like a stretchy rubber band and a liquid at the same time.
• W Index: The calculator uses the W Index (flour strength) to ensure your "house" is strong enough to stand for 24–72 hours without collapsing under the pressure of the gas bubbles.

These are the primary "levers" you adjust in the calculator:

• The Brake Pedal (Salt): Salt is "thirsty" and draws water out of yeast through osmosis, slowing them down so the flavor has time to develop properly.
• The Speed Limit (Temperature): Yeast is highly sensitive to heat. The calculator uses the Rule of 55 or Target Multipliers to find the perfect water temperature to keep your yeast in the "Goldilocks Zone" (73°F–78°F / 23°C–26°C).

Using our long-fermentation logic provides a significant nutritional benefit:

• Bloat-Busters: Long rise times allow bacteria to eat up to 90% of FODMAPs (gas-making sugars) so your stomach doesn't have to.
• Bioavailability: Enzymes snip tough gluten ropes into soft, digestible pieces (peptides) and unlock healthy antioxidants and minerals that are normally trapped inside the grain.